Economic Planning in India
|
PLAN
|
TENURE
|
OBJECTIVES
|
GROWTH RATE (AVERAGE %)
|
GROWTH RATE (ACTUAL %)
|
|
First
|
1951-56
|
Development
of Agriculture
|
2.1
|
3.6
|
|
Second
|
1956-61
|
Rapid
Industrialization
|
4.5
|
4.27
|
|
Third
|
1961-66
|
Establishment
of Self-reliant and self-generating Economy
|
5.6
|
2.84
|
|
Three Annual
Plans
|
1966-69
|
---
|
--
|
--
|
|
Fourth
|
1969-74
|
Growth with
stability and progress towards self-reliance
|
5.7
|
3.30
|
|
Fifth
|
1974-78
|
Removal of
property (Garibi Hatao) and attainment of self-reliance
|
4.4
|
4.8
|
|
Rolling Plant
|
1978-80
|
---
|
--
|
--
|
|
Sixth
|
1980-85
|
Ensuring
continuous decreases in poverty and employment
|
5.2
|
5.66
|
|
Seventh
|
1985-90
|
Rapid growth
in food grains productions, increased employment opportunities
|
5.0
|
6.01
|
|
Eighth
|
1992-97
|
Rapid
Economic growth, high growth of agriculture and oiled sector.
|
5.6
|
6.5
|
|
Ninth
|
1997-02
|
Growth with
social justice and social equality
|
6.5
|
5.4
|
|
Tenth
|
2002-07
|
Development
of infrastructure, employment and energy resources
|
8.6
|
7.6
|
|
Eleventh
|
2007-12
|
With rapid
economic development increase in per capita income and growth
|
9.0
|
--
|
Agriculture and Industry
Green
Revolution
·
Indian Green revolution is associated with the use of
HYVS (High Yielding Variety Seeds), chemical fertilizers and new technology
which led to a sharp rise in agriculture production during the middle of 1960.
·
The credit of this goes not only to Nobel Laureate Dr.
Norman Borlaug, but also to Dr. MS Swaminathan.
Other Revolution
|
REVOLUTION
|
AREA
|
|
Yellow Revolution
|
Oil Seeds
|
|
White Revolution
|
Milk
|
|
Blue Revolution
|
Fish
|
|
Pink Revolution
|
Shrimp/Meat
|
|
Brown Revolution
|
Non-conventional energy resources
|
|
Grey Revolution
|
Wool
|
|
Golden Revolution
|
Horticulture
|
Important Industries of India
Iron &
Steel Industry
·
1st Steel Industry was established at
Kulti, near Jharia, West Bengal as ‘Bengal Iron Works Company’ in 1870.
·
1st large scale steel plant – TISCO at
Jamshedpur in 1907 followed by TISCO at burnpur in 1919, both belonged to
private sector.
·
The first public sector unit was ‘Vishveshvarayya Iron
& Steel Works’ at Bhadrawati.
Public Sectors Steel Plants
|
LOCATION
|
ASSIATANCE
|
|
Rourkela (Orissa)
|
Germany
|
|
Bhilai (MP)
|
Russian Govt
|
|
Durgapur (WB)
|
British Govt
|
|
Bokaro (Jharkhand)
|
Russian Govt
|
|
Burnpur (WB)
|
Acquired from
Private sector in 1976
|
|
Vishakhapatnam
(AP)
|
Russian Govt
|
|
Salem (Tamil
Nadu)
|
--
|
|
Vijai Nagar (Karnataka)
|
--
|
|
Bhadrawali (Karnataka)
|
Nationalization
of Vishveshvarayya Iron & Steel Ltd (Owned by Central and State Govt)
|
Jute
Industry
·
1st first modernized industrial unit was
established at Reshra in West Bengal in 1855.
·
The Jute industry in the country is traditionally
export oriented. India ranks number one in raw jute and jute goods production
and number two in export of jute goods in the world.
Cotton and
Textile Industry
·
Oldest industry of India, and employs largest number
of workers.
·
The first Indian modernized cotton cloth mill was
established in 1818 at Fort Gloaster near Kolkata but this mill was not
successful. The second mill named ‘Bombay Spinning and Weaving Co.’ was
established in 1854 at Bombay by KGN Daber.
Sugar
Industry
·
Sugar Industry is the second largest industry after
cotton textile industry among agriculture based industries in the country.
·
India is now the largest producer and consumer of
sugar in the world. Maharashtra contributes over one-third of the total sugar
output, followed closely by UP.
Silk
Industry
·
India is the second largest (first being China)
country in the world in producing natural silk. At present, India produces
about 16% silk of the world.
Petroleum
& Natural Gas
·
First successful oil well was dug in India in 1889 at
Digboi, Asom.
·
For exploration purpose, Oil & Natural Gas
Commission (ONGC) was established in 1956 at Dehradun, Uttrakhand.
Structure of
Taxes
Direct Taxes
·
Include taxes on income and property, the important
ones being personal income tax, corporate tax, estate duty and wealth tax.
Indirect
Taxes
·
Include Sales tax, Excise Duties, Customs Duties, etc.
·
The Government of India earns maximum from Union
Excise Duty.
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